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Government & military sites: |
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| Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center (CBIAC) (http://www.cbiac.apgea.army.mil/) |
| Central location for scientific and technical information from the Department of Defense, primarily serving DoD organizations, other government groups, and their approved contractors, with some public access to handbooks, field manuals, reports, newsletters, links to relevant patents, and other resources.
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| Chemical Warfare Agents (http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ChemWar.html) |
| From the National Library of Medicine, Specialized Information Services. Lists and describes health effects of chemical agents, with links to chemical ID locator; link to NLM Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) databases; and annotated article citations with links to PubMed abstracts.
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| CP/CBD Web: Counterproliferation and Chemical/Biological Defense Programs (http://www.acq.osd.mil/cp/index.html) |
| From the US Department of Defense; documents program activities, with reports to Congress; a "library" of government, news, and organizational links; and a chemical and biological primer.
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| Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA): Chem-Bio Defense (http://www.dtra.mil/cb/cb_index.html) |
| Overview of the Chemical and Biological Defense Program, one of six sections of DTRA, a Department of Defense agency; the program provides defense, training, doctrine, and equipment for US Armed Forces in the event of chemical and biological warfare.
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| FEMA: Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) (http://www.fema.gov/pte/csepp1.htm) |
| Basic emergency preparedness information for community members in the vicinity of eight locations of obsolete chemical munitions stockpiles in custody of the US Army.
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| Medical NBC Online Information Server (http://www.nbc-med.org/) |
| Learning and reference source for medical nuclear, chemical, and biological warfare (NBC) information; developed for US Army medical personnel, but geared toward medical practitioners generally; includes publications, manuals, video tutorials, briefings, and other resources.
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| MEDLINEplus: Biological and Chemical Weapons, (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/biologicalandchemicalweapons.html) |
| Links to general information, news, research, specific medical conditions, treatment, organizations, prevention and screening, and other categories; from Medline, a service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
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| United States Air Force Counterproliferation Center (http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-cps.htm) |
| Research and education site hosted by Air University on nuclear, biological, chemical, and missile (NBC/M) proliferation threats and the means of addressing them.
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Nongovernmental & other sites: |
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| Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy (http://www.acronym.org.uk/) |
| Independent, nonprofit research and advocacy organization concerned with disarmament of all forms of weapons, including nuclear weapons, strategic arms, fissile materials, anti-ballistic missiles, and biological weapons.
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| Anthrax and Related Information (http://www.mheducation.com/public_service.html) |
| Free excerpts of scientific information from AccessScience, the online McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology; and several free excerpts of medical information from Harrison's Online, "the most widely used resource in clinical medicine and research"; provided by McGraw-Hill Education. |
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| Arms Control Association: Subject Resources (http://www.armscontrol.org/subject/) |
| ACA is a national, nonpartisan organization that provides information, analysis, and commentary on arms control proposals, negotiations and agreements, and related national security issues; see sections on biological and chemical weapons.
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| The Australia Group (http://www.australiagroup.net/) |
| Consultative group of 34 nations committed to anti-proliferation of chemical and biological weapons, administered/chaired by the Government of Australia; focus on export licensing arrangements as a means of ensuring legitimate trade in biological agents, chemicals, and related equipment, while discouraging trade for CBW purposes; includes export control lists.
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| Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and its Protocol Website (http://www.opbw.org/) |
| Comprehensive information on the Convention and its implementation; includes the Rolling Texts, a Protocol summary "primer," and other relevant documents; temporarily maintained by the University of Bradford, for the Ad Hoc Group of the States Parties to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention; includes list of signatories.
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| Bioterrorism Articles (http://pubs.ama-assn.org/bioterr.html) |
| From Journals of the American Medical Association (JAMA); citations with links to full text, PDF files, and/or abstracts. |
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| British American Security Information Council (BASIC) (http://www.basicint.org/) |
| Independent research organization; papers, reports, and press releases on defense, disarmament, military strategy, and nuclear policy; includes several documents on biological weapons and warfare. |
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| Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP), Proliferation News and Resources (http://www.ceip.org/files/nonprolif/weapons) |
| International affairs research and advocacy organization founded by Andrew Carnegie; The Non-Proliferation Project has sections on biological and chemical weapons, including news, analysis, and publications.
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| Center for Defense Information: Chemical & Biological Weapons Site (http://www.cdi.org/issues/cbw) |
| CDI is an independent military research organization directed by retired senior US military officers, based in Washington, DC; includes information on which nations possess chemical and biological weapons, video clips, and links to articles from CDI publications.
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| Center for Nonproliferation Studies: Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page (http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw.htm) |
| Links to government documents, charts, news articles, and other resources from CNS, the largest nongovernmental organization in the US devoted exclusively to research and training on nonproliferation issues; see also the CNS Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Program (CBWNP) at
http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/cbwnp/. |
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| Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute (CBACI) (http://www.cbaci.org/) |
| Research and advocacy organization based in Washington, DC, whose research areas include health, terrorism, and arms control.
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| Federation of American Scientists (FAS): Chemical & Biological Arms Control Program (http://www.fas.org/bwc/index.html) |
| FAS conducts analysis and advocacy on science, technology, and public policy; the Chemical and Biological Arms Control Program currently focuses on biological weapons; site includes a paper on agricultural biowarfare and bioterrorism; see also sections on Weapons of mass destruction (http://www.fas.org/nuke/index.html) and News (http://www.fas.org/news/index.html).
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| GeneWatch UK: Biological Weapons (http://www.genewatch.org/Publications/BioWepns.htm) |
| A series of briefing papers on how advances in genetics may influence the development of biological weapons; from a British nongovernmental organization that promotes awareness of potential abuses of genetic technologies.
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| Henry L. Stimson Center: Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project (http://www.stimson.org/cbw/?SN=CB20011220141) |
| Research and policy analysis on weapons destruction technologies, export controls, terrorism, and the status of weapons programs in various countries; part of the Weapons of Mass Destruction program area. |
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| How Biological and Chemical Warfare Works (http://www.howstuffworks.com/biochem-war.htm) |
| Basic explanation of biological and chemical weapons and warfare, including specific toxins and biological agents; from HowStuffWorks, a commercial educational website.
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| Joint SIPRI-Bradford Chemical and Biological Warfare Project (http://projects.sipri.se/cbw/cbw-sipri-bradford.html) |
| Partnership between Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and University of Bradford, acting as a single point of entry for latest resources on chemical and biological weapons disarmament from the SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) Project and the Bradford Project on Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and Preventing Biological Warfare websites, both of which are also listed separately in this pathfinder.
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| OCLC NetFirst Hot Topics (http://www.oclc.org/oclc/menu/hottopics.htm) |
| "Monthly selections of links to high-quality Web resources on current events in the news from around the world"; from the Online Computer Library Center's NetFirst database, a collection of authoritative Internet resources; topics related to chemical and biological weapons: Anthrax (http://www.oclc.org/oclc/new/hottopics/011019.htm) and (http://www.oclc.org/oclc/new/hottopics/010928.htm).
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| Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) (http://www.opcw.org/) |
| Works to implement the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention through policy proposals and program development for Member States; includes list of state parties and signatory states, with links to some national authorities.
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| SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare Project (http://projects.sipri.se/cbw/cbw-mainpage.html) |
| Nonproliferation and disarmament documents and research information, from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute; includes a section on chemical weapons destruction in Russia.
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| The Sunshine Project (http://www.sunshine-project.org) |
| International nongovernmental organization dedicated to biological weapons issues; includes information on the use of biological agents for the eradication of illicit crops, and on the ENMOD convention, which prohibits use of the environment as a weapon in military conflicts; in English, Spanish, and German.
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PAIS International bibliographic citations: |
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| Achcar, Gilbert, Le spectre du "bioterrorisme," Le Monde Diplomatique, Vol. 45, July 1998, p.18-19 il(s) (ISSN 0026-9395). |
| Discusses the possibility that chemical and biological weapons will increasingly be used in wars as a less costly alternative to nuclear attacks; view that the international treaties intended to ban these weapons do not include adequate enforcement measures. |
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| Chemical weapons - Treaties; International security; Biological weapons - Treaties; Bioterrorism |
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| "Backgrounder: Terrorism," United States Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2001 link(s). |
| Definition of terrorism, descriptions of biological and chemical weapons and terrorism in the US, and facts about terrorism (before Sept. 11, 2001). |
| http://www.fema.gov/library/terror.htm |
| Terrorism; Biological weapons; Chemical weapons |
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| "Chemical and biological defense for U.S. forces: joint hearing, October 20, 1999, before the Military Procurement Subcommittee meeting jointly with Military Research and Development Subcommittee," Superintendent of Documents, 2000, iv+96p., 106th Congress, 1st session, United States. House. Committee on Armed Services. |
| Examines threat to the US military of proliferation of chem-bio weapons and technology, and Defense Department programs. |
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| Chemical weapons - Defenses; Biological weapons - Defenses; United States - Armed forces; United States - Defenses; United States - Military policy; United States - Defense department; Technology - Military applications |
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| Eaton, David J., "Weapons of mass destruction: foreign and domestic options for containment," Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, 1999, viii+46p., bibl(s) table(s) (ISBN: 0-89940-112-0 pa). |
| Considers biological and chemical warfare threats and countermeasures, planning for chemical and nuclear terrorism and illegal bombings, and decommissioning weapons of mass destruction; US. Proceedings of a conference held in Austin, Texas, May 6, 1998.
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| Weapons of mass destruction; Arms limitation; Biological weapons - Defenses; Chemical weapons - Defenses; United States - Military policy; Bombings (political) |
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| Eldridge, John, "Jane's nuclear, biological and chemical defence, 2000-2001," Jane's Information Group Ltd., 2000, 38+362p 13th ed., il(s) table(s) diag(s) chart(s) index(es) (ISBN: 0-7106-2027-6), £295 (US$470). |
| Equipment arranged by category or function and listed by country where manufactured; indexed by contractor and manufacturer. Also available on CD-ROM and online. Detection (sensor systems), detection (C3I systems), detection (reconnaissance systems), protection (individual), protection (collective), decontamination, demilitarisation, and training and simulation.
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| Atomic weapons; Biological weapons; Chemical weapons; Military supplies - Directories; Atomic warfare; Chemical warfare; Biological warfare |
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| Garrett, Laurie, "The nightmare of bioterrorism," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 2001, p.76-89, il(s) (ISSN 0015-7120). |
| Argues that the government should rely on public health systems stockpiling vaccines to take the lead in defense against bioterrorism, rather than on the military and police; US. Adapted from the author's book "Betrayal of trust: the collapse of global public health," to be published by Hyperion.
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| Biological weapons - Defenses; Public health administration - United States; United States - Public health service; Counterterrorism - United States; Bioterrorism |
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| Kelle, Alexander, "NBC arms control under stress," International Spectator, Vol. 35, No. 3, July/September 2000, p.81-91, (ISSN 0393-2729). |
| Discusses control regimes for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons in the second half of the 1990s, implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) established in May 1997, and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and compliance protocol.
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| Biological weapons; Chemical weapons; Atomic weapons; Nuclear nonproliferation; Weapons of mass destruction |
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| Lillibridge, Scott, "A public health response to bioterrorism," Medicine and Global Survival, Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2000, p.82-5, bibl(s) (ISSN 1051-2438). |
| Recommends training of state and federal epidemiologists to recognize unusual threat agents and address transmission, treatment, and prevention, as well as ensuring rapid and secure communications among health responders; US.
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| Public health - United States; Counterterrorism - United States; Biological weapons - Defenses; Epidemiology - United States; United States - Health policy; Bioterrorism; Medical service - United States; Communication - United States; Disasters - Emergency preparedness |
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| Moodie, Michael, "Agents of death: unchecked proliferation of modern chemical and biological weapons may radically alter the terms of warfare," Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2000, p.6-12 (ISSN 0887-8218). |
| Discusses weapons programs of various countries, including the US, the former Soviet Union, Iran, and Iraq, and the threat from non-state actors such as terrorists; some focus on effects of the end of the Cold War, and international efforts to control the production and use of these weapons.
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| Biological weapons; Chemical weapons; International security; Terrorism; Chemical warfare; Biological warfare |
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| Parachini, John, "Combatting terrorism: assessing the threat of biological terrorism," Rand, October 2001, 12p. Testimony series. |
| Examines feasibility and likelihood of terrorist groups using biological or chemical weapons, and government response; US. Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, US House of Representatives. In light of small-scale anthrax outbreaks following Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. |
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| Counterterrorism -United States; Internal security - United States; United States - Defenses; Bioterrorism - Defenses; Terrorism - United States; Biological weapons - Defenses; Chemical weapons - Defenses; Weapons of mass destruction - Defenses; Anthrax |
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| "Preparedness for epidemics and bioterrorism: special hearing, [June 2, 1998]," Superintendent of Documents, 105th Cong., 2d sess.; United States. Senate. Com. on Appropriations. Subcom. on Depts. of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Educ., and Related Agencies. |
| Focus on capabilities of public health and emergency services to respond to terrorist attack using biological weapons.
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| Terrorism - United States; Biological weapons - Defenses; Internal security - United States; United States - Defenses; Disasters - Emergency preparedness; Bioterrorism; United States - Public health service; Emergency medical services - United States; Epidemiology - United States |
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| Shoham, Dany, "Chemical and biological weapons in the Arab countries and Iran: an existential threat to Israel?" Ariel Center for Policy Research, July 2001, 117p. table(s) (ISBN: 965-7165-23-7 pa). |
| Examines progress in strategic development of programs utilizing long-range ballistic missiles equipped with warheads containing biological or chemical warfare agents. Translated from Hebrew. Egypt, Iraq, Libya, and Syria.
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| Chemical weapons - Middle East; Biological weapons - Middle East; Israel - Defenses; Arab states - Defenses; Iran - Defenses; Chemical warfare - Middle East; Guided missiles - Middle East; Military strategy - Middle East; Biological warfare - Middle East |
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| Sokolski, Henry D., "Mission impossible," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 57, No. 2, March/April 2001, p.62-8 il(s) (ISSN 0096-3402). |
| Discusses the "Counterproliferation Initiative", which envisioned the use of nuclear weapons in pre-emptive strikes against chemical and biological weapon threats, how it has changed, and its effectiveness since its Dec. 1993 introduction under Defense Secretary Les Aspin; US. Adapted from the author's book "Best of intentions: America's campaign against strategic weapons proliferation", 2001.
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| United States - Military policy; Deterrence (strategy) - United States; Atomic weapons - United States; Biological weapons - Defenses; Chemical weapons - Defenses; Aspin, Les, 1938-95; United States - Defenses; Weapons of mass destruction - Defenses; Military strategy - United States |
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| "Terrorist threats to the United States: hearing, May 23, 2000," Superintendent of Documents, 2000, iii+50p., 106th Congress, 2nd sess., United States. House. Com. on Armed Services. Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism. |
| Assesses biological and atomic weapons and cyberterrorism, and US countermeasures. Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and radio frequency attacks, information warfare and cyberwarfare, and bioterrorism.
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| Terrorism - United States; Weapons of mass destruction - Defenses; Civil defense - United States; United States - Defenses; Bioterrorism; Internal security - United States; Atomic weapons - Defenses; Biological weapons - Defenses; Information technology - Military applications |
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| Tucker, Jonathan B.; Sands, Amy, "An unlikely threat," Vol. 55, No. 4, July/August 1999, p.46-52, bibl(s) il(s) (ISSN 0096-3402). |
| Argues that assumptions behind US counterterrorism programs against threat of mass-casualty attacks involving chemical or biological weapons are flawed because they fail to account for technical and logistical challenges which have historically made successful terrorist acquisition and use of toxic agents highly unlikely. Based on a study of 520 incidents around the world between 1900-99 involving chemical or biological weapons conducted by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, California.
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| Chemical weapons - Defenses; Biological weapons - Defenses; United States - Defenses; Counterterrorism - United States; Terrorism - United States; Weapons of mass destruction - International aspects; Terrorism - International aspects |
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